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- TTrilithic
- Arthur Leisey
- Senior Apps. Engineer
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- 2002 FCC Report & Order
- Event and FIPS Codes added:
- Avalanche Warning AVW
- Avalanche Watch AVA
- Child Abduction Emergency CAE
- Civil Danger Warning CDW
- Coastal Flood Warning CFW
- Coastal Flood Watch CFA
- Dust Storm Warning DSW
- Earthquake Warning EQW
- Fire Warning FRW
- Hazardous Materials Warning HMW
- Law Enforcement Warning LEW
- Local Area Emergency LAE
- Network Message Notification NMN
- 911 Telephone Outage Emergency TOE
- Nuclear Power Plant Warning NUW
- Radiological Hazard Warning RHW
- Shelter in Place Warning SPW
- Special Marine Warning SMW
- Tropical Storm Warning TRW
- Tropical Storm Watch TRA
- Volcano Warning VOW
- All existing and new models of EAS equipment manufactured after August
1, 2003 will be required to be capable of receiving and transmitting
these codes, including:
- One of the most important codes added was the CAE code- Child
Abduction Emergency (or Amber Alert).
- Cable systems fewer than 5000 subscribers can install “decoder-only”
E.A.S. systems
- Cost savings involved in LPFM units.
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- FCC issued Notice of Proposed Rulemaking August 12, 2004
- Not really any rules proposed but changed at the last minute by FCC
from NOI (Notice of Inquiry) to a NPRM.
- Examples of new technologies
next on the list for E.A.S. participation:
- Cell Phones?
- NWS Mandatory Participation as Disaster Dissemination Service?
- You may need to purchase NOAA radios to monitor NWS?
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- There are similar questions about the technical capabilities of EAS. For
example, since it relies almost exclusively on delivery through analog
radio and television broadcast stations and cable systems, is EAS, in
the current communications universe, outdated?
- We expect an TCP/IP or Internet approach to message transmission and
reception.
- How could it be made more efficient?
- Should it be phased out in favor of a new model? If so, what would the
new model look like?
- If a new model were to be adopted, what legal and practical barriers
would have to be overcome to ensure its implementation and
effectiveness?
- Would a new model require legislation from Congress or an Executive
Order?
- What technologies should serve as the basis for such a model?
- Alternatively, should EAS requirements be extended to other services
(e.g. cellular telephones)?
- (content taken from NPRM issued Aug. 12, 2004)
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- WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR CABLE TV?
- Anyone watching cable television at home who has any information
pertaining to kidnapped victims can be an invaluable source of
instantaneous information for authorities (relatives, locations,
friends names, pictures, etc.)
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- Reynold Hoover, Director, Office of National Security Coordination,
FEMA
- Adding new PEP stations, so there will be one in every state.
- Moving from telephone delivery of the audio message to satellite
delivery.
- Getting the satellite feed into every State EOC.
- Supposedly offered to increase the audio reliability and quality to
make it more easily understood.
- DEAS – Not to be confused with Digital EAS for Cable TV.
- DEAS is an effort to “enhance the ability of the President of the
United States to communicate with the American public during a
national crisis” through the use of digital data capabilities of DTV
(HDTV) broadcast stations and would be distributed via PBS satellite.
- Currently being tested in Washington, D.C. at WETA-HD and messages
flow from FEMA to WETA, to PBS, to DTV transmitter.
- Test sites receiving messages are WTOP radio, WRC-TV, cell phone
companies (AT&T, Cingular, Verizon, T-Mobile), XM-Radio, Comcast
Cable.
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- ANSI J-STD-042 messages provide detailed information about an E.A.S.
Emergency directly to “Digital-Ready" TV or host device
- The message is provided to the In-Band, clear channels QAMS through a
device such as Motorola’s SEM® (SmartStream Encryption Modulator),
which inserts the message into all downstream multiplexes for delivery
to the hosts.
- On an S-A DNCS type of network, the SCTE-18 message is still created
from the Out-Of-Band socket message (the descriptor) and is still a
proprietary system.
- The digital TV will then see the message in a multiplex, identified by
the proper E.A.S. PID value and perform a video crawl or
"force-tune“.
- Information contained in the SCTE-18 message is as follows:
- Source ID of the EAS audio stream (if present).
- Source ID of the "forced-tune" (EAS Details) channel.
- Major/Minor Channel number of the "forced-tune" channel.
- Amount of time to interrupt the audio/video (if applicable).
- Priority (display requirements) of the emergency message.
- Locations effected by the EAS message.
- Private Descriptors for use with proprietary equipment.
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- The source ID information is only useful for TVs with access to the
Out-of-Band QPSK channel (TVs with a POD module, or a CableCARD®
installed).
- The POD module (CableCARD®) is plugged into the digital-ready TV and
performs the conditional access (decrypting) of the channel as well as
other functions.
- The Major/Minor channel information is only used by TVs without a POD
(CableCARD®) module installed and is specifically dependent on
channel/network PSIP information.
- Many cable operators do not utilize or groom any PSIP. Some host TVs rely on matching up a
major/minor channel number logically to the analog channel number and
imbedded service or data channel.
- Example: Channel 4.1 is major
channel no. 4 and service no. 1 in a DTV format.
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- Delivery of the ANSI J-STD-042 (SCTE-18) messages:
- SCTE-18 messages are normally created by the EAS Encoder/Decoder in
the form of MPEG Packet Streams over Ethernet.
- The delivery of these packets requires an entry-point into the QPSK
stream for Out-of-Band messaging, and an entry point into the channel
multiplexers (QAM channels) for In-Band messaging
- Insertion onto the channel multiplexers is only required for channels
carrying "In-the-Clear" channels (assuming encrypted
channels require access to the QPSK Out-of-Band channel for decryption
by the CableCARD).
- For this reason it may be desirable to group "In-the-Clear"
channels onto one or two multiplexers.
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- Popularized within Time Warner Cable HFC networks launching S-A
set-tops on Motorola based systems.
- Your E.A.S. system should be capable of delivering DVS-168, and
SCTE-18 messages, both In-Band and Out-Of-Band messages on same
network entry point.
- DVS-168 messages are directed toward the DNCS.
- SCTE-18 messages directed towards Motorola SEMs and/or clear-channel
QAM multiplexers
- S-A currently processes their own CableCARD messages by creating an
SCTE-18 message from the in-bound DVS-168 socket connection.
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- What does an E.A.S. message look like on a digital-ready television
host?
- SCTE-18 provides for message alert priority as shown in the table.
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- DOCSIS Set-top Gateway
- What's driving DSG is an increased interest from CableLabs members for
moving from proprietary out-of-band set-top communication channels to
an open architecture.
- As a DOCSIS-based technology, DSG entails functionality at the cable
modem termination system (CMTS) and requirements at the end
device/set-top.
- DSG defines the Broadcast Tunnel and there are various suggestions
that the BT will be used to deliver SCTE-65 (PSIP) and SCTE-18
(E.A.S.) data to the set-top or host device.
- Selecting an E.A.S. system which supports SCTE-18
- Be sure that it supports 3 technologies: IN-BAND, Out-Of-Band and DSG.
- Supporting Out-Of-Band offers the added capability to turn off the
“canned” Motorola message at the OM-1000 and passing-through the
E.A.S. message downstream to the CableCARD®
- As the DVS-644 Working Group finalizes the updated SCTE-18, we expect
the Motorola “Canned-Message” will not be functional for new
“digital-ready” TVs.
- Alert Priorities
- Crawled E.A.S. messages vs. “force-tuning”
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- Thank you for your attention.
- Q & A
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Notes
